Planting bare-root fruit trees during the winter months offers several benefits, according to guidance from the UC Master Gardeners of Butte County. Bare-root trees are generally less expensive and easier to transport than potted trees. They also establish roots directly into native soil, avoiding issues that can arise when roots transition from potting mix to local soil.
Bare-root fruit trees are typically available between December and March. Before purchasing a tree, experts recommend selecting a planting site with at least six hours of sunlight per day, as insufficient light can slow growth and reduce fruit production. Fruit trees prefer deep, well-drained soil; if the ground is compacted, gardeners should loosen an area several feet wide around the planting spot to encourage root development. Hardpan layers within 18 to 24 inches below the surface must be broken up for proper drainage.
When choosing a tree, those with trunk diameters between one-half and five-eighths of an inch tend to establish more quickly. The root system should be balanced rather than one-sided, and any dead or damaged roots should be removed before planting. If immediate planting is not possible after purchase, covering the roots with moist sawdust or compost is advised.
The planting hole should not be deeper than the tree’s roots but about twice as wide as their spread. In clay soils, scoring the sides of the hole can help outward root growth. The bud union—the point where the tree was grafted—should face southwest to prevent sun damage on the trunk above it. Backfilling with native soil in stages helps eliminate air pockets; after confirming that the bud union sits four to six inches above ground level, fill in remaining soil and gently firm it down.
After planting, thorough watering helps settle soil around roots. For most soils except heavy clay, gardeners should build a donut-shaped basin around the tree so water drains away from the trunk. Regular watering once or twice per week is recommended after growth begins in spring.
A three-foot weed-free zone around each new tree prevents competition for water and nutrients. Applying mulch three to six inches thick conserves moisture but should be kept away from direct contact with the trunk to avoid crown rot. Initial pruning involves cutting back to a single trunk about 24 inches tall; painting this trunk with diluted white interior latex paint protects against sunburn and insect damage.
UC Master Gardeners of Butte County are part of University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE). More information about their services and events is available on their website or through their hotline at 530-552-5812.
“UC Master Gardeners of Butte County are part of the University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) system. To learn more about us and our upcoming events, and for help with gardening in our area visit our website. If you have a gardening question or problem, email the Hotline at mgbutte@ucanr.edu or leave a phone message on our Hotline at 530-552-5812. To speak to a Master Gardener about a gardening issue, or to drop by the MG office during Hotline hours, see the most current information on our Ask Us section of our website.”
